<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, modern devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca kimlik g\u00f6stergesi de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasi sadakat, hukuki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ve uluslararas\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fun da temelini olu\u015fturur. K\u00fcreselle\u015fme, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve kimlik hareketlili\u011finin h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015fl\u0131k olgusu, klasik vatanda\u015fl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlamakta; aidiyetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da yeni tart\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. \u0130srail \u00f6rne\u011fi, bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 yans\u0131malar\u0131ndan birini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkede ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k %10\u2019unun ikinci bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa sahip oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir\u00b9. Bu n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 100 ila 150 bin ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir\u00b2. Bu toplulu\u011fun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakta ya da yeniden kazanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Ancak bu grubun demografik yap\u0131s\u0131, siyasi etkisi veya faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k sistematik bir veri bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu eksiklik, salt istatistiksel bir bo\u015fluk de\u011fil; jeopolitik, hukuki ve kimliksel bir sessizli\u011fe i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu sessizli\u011fin en kritik boyutlar\u0131ndan biri, \u0130srail Savunma Kuvvetleri (IDF) b\u00fcnyesinde g\u00f6rev yapan \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015flar\u0131n durumudur. \u0130srail\u2019de zorunlu askerlik hizmeti genel bir y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck olup, \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015flar da bu hizmetin kapsam\u0131na girmektedir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren veya yeniden kazanan bireylerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, fiilen \u0130srail ordusunda g\u00f6rev yapmakta ya da bu yap\u0131ya destek sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131 (UAD), 26 Ocak 2024 tarihli ihtiyati tedbir karar\u0131nda, \u0130srail\u2019in Gazze \u015eeridi\u2019ndeki eylemlerinin 1948 Soyk\u0131r\u0131m Su\u00e7unun \u00d6nlenmesi ve Cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na Dair S\u00f6zle\u015fme kapsam\u0131na girebilecek fiillerle ili\u015fkili olabilece\u011fini belirtmi\u015f ve \u0130srail\u2019e soyk\u0131r\u0131m fiillerini \u00f6nleme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc hat\u0131rlatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u00b3. Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, \u00e7ok say\u0131da Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler organ\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z raport\u00f6r ve insan haklar\u0131 \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc, sivillere y\u00f6nelik kas\u0131tl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar, zorla a\u00e7 b\u0131rakma ve toplu yerinden etme uygulamalar\u0131na ili\u015fkin ciddi ihlaller tespit etmi\u015ftir\u2074.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, \u0130srail ordusunda g\u00f6rev yapan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n durumu, bireysel d\u00fczeyde uluslararas\u0131 cezai sorumlulu\u011fu g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir. Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn 25. maddesi uyar\u0131nca, soyk\u0131r\u0131m, insanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar veya sava\u015f su\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n i\u015flenmesine i\u015ftirak eden, yard\u0131m eden veya te\u015fvik eden bireyler, fiillerinden dolay\u0131 ki\u015fisel olarak sorumlu tutulabilir\u2075. N\u00fcrnberg ilkelerinden bu yana yerle\u015fmi\u015f bir hukuk kural\u0131 olarak, \u201cemir uygulad\u0131m\u201d savunmas\u0131 bu su\u00e7larda ge\u00e7erli de\u011fildir. Bu durum, \u0130srail ordusunun potansiyel soyk\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7lar\u0131yla ili\u015fkilendirilmesi halinde, \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015flar\u0131n da uluslararas\u0131 ceza yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131na konu olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di\u011fer taraftan mesele yaln\u0131zca bireylerin sorumlulu\u011fuyla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 de\u011fildir. T\u00fcrkiye, 1950 y\u0131l\u0131nda Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019ne taraf olmu\u015f ve b\u00f6ylece s\u00f6zle\u015fme uyar\u0131nca hem soyk\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nleme hem de cezaland\u0131rma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alt\u0131na girmi\u015ftir\u2076. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda soyk\u0131r\u0131m fiillerine i\u015ftirak etmesi, T\u00fcrkiye bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da uluslararas\u0131 hukukta belirli y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri do\u011furabilir. Devletlerin, kendi vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bu t\u00fcr su\u00e7lara kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 soru\u015fturma veya yarg\u0131lama y\u00f6n\u00fcnde \u00f6nlem alma sorumlulu\u011fu, evrensel yarg\u0131 yetkisi ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmesel y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde doktrinde geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015f\u0131lmaktad\u0131r\u2077. Buna ra\u011fmen, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bu konuda sistematik bir hukuki veya siyasi tart\u0131\u015fma y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmemekte, idari veya yarg\u0131sal d\u00fczeyde herhangi bir mekanizma i\u015fletilmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00fclkeleri, vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n yabanc\u0131 ordularda g\u00f6rev yapmas\u0131na \u00e7o\u011fu zaman s\u0131k\u0131 denetim ve yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar getirirken; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin bu alandaki sessizli\u011fi, ileride hem hukuki hem de diplomatik d\u00fczlemde sorunlar yaratma potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu sessizli\u011fin, bir stratejik tercih mi yoksa derin bir kurumsal ihm\u00e2l mi oldu\u011fu sorusu ise cevaps\u0131z kalmaktad\u0131r. Oysa vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, pasaporta indirgenemeyecek kadar ciddi bir ba\u011fd\u0131r. Uluslararas\u0131 su\u00e7lar ba\u011flam\u0131nda bu ba\u011f\u0131n g\u00f6rmezden gelinmesi, yaln\u0131zca bireysel de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda devlet d\u00fczeyinde de sorumluluk risklerini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 itibar\u0131yla, \u0130srail ordusunda g\u00f6rev yapan T\u00fcrk vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hem \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015fl\u0131k tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 hem de uluslararas\u0131 ceza hukuku sorumlulu\u011funu kesi\u015ftiren, stratejik \u00f6nemde bir konudur. Bu mesele, ne istatistiklerin dipnotuna s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilecek kadar basit ne de siyasi polemiklerle ge\u00e7i\u015ftirilebilecek kadar y\u00fczeyseldir. Uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ve siyasi etik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan as\u0131l mesele, bu sessiz alan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131l\u0131nmas\u0131, hukuki \u00e7er\u00e7eveye oturtulmas\u0131 ve devlet politikas\u0131 d\u00fczeyinde ele al\u0131nmas\u0131d\u0131r. Sessizlik, ne su\u00e7u ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ne de sorumlulu\u011fu azalt\u0131r. Aksine, tarihin ve hukukun mahkemesinde sessiz kalanlar, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman en \u00f6nce sorgulananlar olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dipnotlar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1) Dual Citizenship Report, \u201cIsrael \u2013 Dual Citizenship Overview,\u201d https:\/\/www.dualcitizenshipreport.org
(Eri\u015fim: 2025).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2) R\u0131fat N. Bali, Cumhuriyet Y\u0131llar\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye Yahudileri, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 2001; ayr\u0131ca bkz. Avner Levi, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Yahudiler, \u0130leti\u015fim Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1996.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3) Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in the Gaza Strip (South Africa v. Israel), Order on Provisional Measures, 26 January 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
4) UN Human Rights Council, \u201cReport of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and Israel,\u201d A\/HRC\/56\/25, 2024.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
5) Roma Stat\u00fcs\u00fc, md. 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
6) Soyk\u0131r\u0131m S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, 1948; T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin onay tarihi: 23 Mart 1950, RG 30.03.1950\/7469.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
7) Bkz. Antonio Cassese, International Criminal Law, Oxford University Press, 2008; ayr\u0131ca Kai Ambos, \u201cIndividual Criminal Responsibility,\u201d in The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary, Oxford University Press, 2002.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vatanda\u015fl\u0131k, modern devlet yap\u0131lar\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca kimlik g\u00f6stergesi de\u011fil; ayn\u0131 zamanda siyasi sadakat, hukuki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fck ve uluslararas\u0131 sorumlulu\u011fun da temelini olu\u015fturur. K\u00fcreselle\u015fme, g\u00f6\u00e7 ve kimlik hareketlili\u011finin h\u0131z kazand\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ifte vatanda\u015fl\u0131k olgusu, klasik vatanda\u015fl\u0131k anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlamakta; aidiyetin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, uluslararas\u0131 hukuk bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da yeni tart\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131 do\u011furmaktad\u0131r. \u0130srail \u00f6rne\u011fi, bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en \u00e7arp\u0131c\u0131 yans\u0131malar\u0131ndan birini bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. \u00dclkede ya\u015fayan n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k %10\u2019unun ikinci bir vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa sahip oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmektedir\u00b9. Bu n\u00fcfus i\u00e7inde T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli olanlar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 100 ila 150 bin ki\u015fi aras\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmektedir\u00b2. Bu toplulu\u011fun bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, T\u00fcrkiye vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 korumakta ya da yeniden kazanm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. Ancak bu grubun demografik yap\u0131s\u0131, siyasi etkisi veya faaliyetleri hakk\u0131nda kamuya a\u00e7\u0131k sistematik bir veri bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Bu eksiklik, salt istatistiksel bir bo\u015fluk de\u011fil; jeopolitik, hukuki ve kimliksel bir sessizli\u011fe i\u015faret etmektedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oneriler","category-sivil-toplum-hareketi"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/WhatsApp-Bild-2025-10-06-um-22.47.11_ca2956e6.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10821,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10819\/revisions\/10821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}