<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, yaln\u0131zca siyas\u00ee yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, toplumsal dokunun da k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde sars\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, modernle\u015fme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir\u00e7ok reform ve d\u00fczenleme, imparatorlu\u011fun asli unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n beklenti ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan \u00e7ok, merkez\u00ee iktidar\u0131n dar bir elit kadro etraf\u0131nda tahkim edilmesine hizmet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130ttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti\u2019nin y\u00fckseli\u015fi, bu zihniyet d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn en belirgin a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. Cemiyet, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcrde imparatorlu\u011fu kurtarma ve Bat\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7lendirme amac\u0131yla hareket etmi\u015f olsa da, uygulamalar\u0131 Anadolu insan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ciddi bir y\u0131k\u0131m s\u00fcrecine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Gerek sava\u015f politikalar\u0131, gerekse toplum m\u00fchendisli\u011fi uygulamalar\u0131, imparatorlu\u011fu ayakta tutmaktan ziyade \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; Anadolu co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n ekonomik, sosyal ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015f\u0131nd\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cumhuriyet\u2019in ilan\u0131yla birlikte siyasal rejimde k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir de\u011fi\u015fim ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f olsa da, Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n son d\u00f6neminde \u015fekillenen y\u00f6netim zihniyetinin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcyle tasfiye edildi\u011fini s\u00f6ylemek g\u00fc\u00e7t\u00fcr. Aksine, devlet-toplum ili\u015fkilerinde belirleyici olan b\u00fcrokratik vesayet, merkez\u00eeyet\u00e7i yakla\u015f\u0131m ve halk\u0131n siyasal iradesine mesafeli tutum, farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imlerde varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece yeni rejim, bir yandan modernle\u015fme ve ulus-devlet in\u015fas\u0131 s\u00fcrecini y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcrken, di\u011fer yandan toplumsal kesimlerin geni\u015f kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131ran bir anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 devam ettirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu ba\u011flamda, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ya\u015fanan bir\u00e7ok toplumsal ve siyasal sorunu yaln\u0131zca son yirmi ya da yirmi be\u015f y\u0131ll\u0131k geli\u015fmelerle a\u00e7\u0131klamak indirgemeci bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olur. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de devlet ile toplum aras\u0131ndaki gerilimler, k\u00f6kleri 19. y\u00fczy\u0131la uzanan ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki ile Cumhuriyet\u2019in erken d\u00f6neminde kurumsalla\u015fan bir zihniyetin s\u00fcreklili\u011fi i\u00e7inde de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bug\u00fcn kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olunan sorunlar, yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcncel siyasal tercihlerden ibaret de\u011fildir. Daha derinlerde, uzun vadeli tarihsel bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n izleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmay\u0131, basit bir iktidar m\u00fccadelesi olarak de\u011fil; toplumsal iradenin kendi de\u011ferleriyle var olma \u00e7abas\u0131 ile merkez\u00ee otoritenin bu iradeyi s\u0131n\u0131rlama e\u011filimi aras\u0131ndaki tarihsel gerilim olarak okumak gerekir. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla mesele, esasen Hak ile Bat\u0131l aras\u0131ndaki sembolik m\u00fccadelenin modern zamanlara yans\u0131mas\u0131ndan ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131ndan itibaren ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm, yaln\u0131zca siyas\u00ee yap\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fil, toplumsal dokunun da k\u00f6kl\u00fc bi\u00e7imde sars\u0131lmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu d\u00f6nemde, modernle\u015fme ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir\u00e7ok reform ve d\u00fczenleme, imparatorlu\u011fun asli unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n beklenti ve ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaktan \u00e7ok, merkez\u00ee iktidar\u0131n dar bir elit kadro etraf\u0131nda tahkim edilmesine hizmet etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10553,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"aside","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[88],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-aside","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-oneriler","post_format-post-format-aside"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Quer-Banner-Schmal-2.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10811"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10811\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10553"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/altinisik.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}